if there's a simple way to do this, i've managed to miss it. i want to configure and build a new kernel for my 64-bit ubuntu laptop to prep for writing and loading numerous kernel modules for an upcoming device driver course, so i did the obvious: $ make defconfig which used the currently supplied x86_64 kernel source defconfig file which, unbeknownst to me, configures almost *nothing* as modules (anymore?). in fact (and i'm not sure i should have noticed this before now), the shipped file arch/arm/configs/x86_64_defconfig selects absolutely *nothing* to be built as a module, and the only settings that end up that way are ones where modular is the default setting in the Kconfig file. the end result was that, before i realized it, i'd configured, built and booted to a kernel that was missing most of what i needed -- the output from "lsmod" was empty, no loaded modules. that won't work for me since, on my original kernel, i have 70+ loaded modules -- graphics driver, iptables, etc, etc. so i clearly need to add some module selections, but i'd like to keep it minimal in the sense of saying, "i want to start with a minimal kernel, but add in module selections for whatever you currently see loaded", although i'm unaware of any easy way to do that. am i just missing something trivially obvious? rday p.s. i don't want to use the existing .config and run "make oldconfig" since i don't want to select stuff to be built that i'm not using. in short, i want the minimal kernel that does everything the current kernel is doing, without building anything that has no value. -- ======================================================================== Robert P. J. Day Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA http://crashcourse.ca Twitter: http://twitter.com/rpjday LinkedIn: http://ca.linkedin.com/in/rpjday ========================================================================